A Systems View Across Time and Space
Table 2 Studies measuring entrepreneurial motivation
Author | Research question, objective, or hypothesis | Sample | Main conclusions | Opportunity or necessity-driven |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(Collins et al., 2004) | Develop a meta-analysis to explore the relationship between achievement motivation and variables associated with entrepreneurial behavior | Initial 47 literature studies, 6 finally remaining literature studies for further analysis | Achievement motivation does significantly predict entrepreneurial activity (both choice of an entrepreneurial occupation and performance in that role) across the studies that were included in this meta-analysis | Opportunity-driven |
(Baum & Locke, 2004) | What is the relationship of entrepreneurial traits and skill (passion, tenacity, and new resource skill) and situationally specific motivation (communicated vision, self-efficacy, and goals) to subsequent venture growth? | Data from 229 entrepreneur—chief executive officers and 106 associates in a single industry were obtained in a 6-year longitudinal study | - Specific component variables of entrepreneurs’ traits, skill, and motivation categories are significant direct or indirect predictors of venture growth for a period of 6 years following initial measurement - Vision had an indirect effect on growth through specific goals but also a direct effect - Passion and tenacity had no direct effect on venture performance suggests that the weak results of previous studies of entrepreneurial traits may not have been caused by studying the wrong traits, but rather by the fact that traits have indirect rather than direct effects | Opportunity-driven |
(Arenius & Minniti, 2005) | What variables are significantly correlated with an individual’s decision to become an entrepreneur? | 972 individuals in Mexico and 12,837 in the UK | Across all countries and across genders, perceptual variables, and the perception that individuals have of their own entrepreneurial abilities are very important | Necessity-driven |
(Cardon & Kirk, 2015) | Examine the possibility that the long-standing relationship between self-efficacy and persistence might be mediated by entrepreneurial passion | 129 entrepreneurs that belonged to firms from 10 years of age | - There is a mediating impact of entrepreneurial passion in the relationship between self-efficacy and persistence, suggesting an important role for affective processes in entrepreneurship - Passion for inventing and founding were important mediators of the self-efficacy to persistence relationship, while passion for developing was not | Opportunity-driven |
(Lu et al., 2023) | Identify motivation profiles of university business students, to determine how profile membership predicts students’ entrepreneurial intention and interest to study entrepreneurship | Business students at a Canadian university via a self-administered survey in several classes. 409 usable questionnaires | The authors find out that students in the different groups differ regarding their interest to study entrepreneurship and their intention to be entrepreneurs | Opportunity-driven |
(Laguía et al., 2022) | This study adapts the “think manager–think male” leadership perspective to the entrepreneurship context and explores gender stereotype’s implications for both entrepreneurial intention and motivation to become an entrepreneur | 902 Spanish male and female non-entrepreneurs | - Younger participants exhibited higher entrepreneurial intentions and opportunity motivation more positive attitudes towards entrepreneurship and higher scores in subjective - Woman entrepreneur seems to be less accessible to male participants than to female participants. reducing negative stereotype threat for women in entrepreneurship may increase women’s entrepreneurial career aspiration | Both |
(Shymko & Khoury, 2023) | Study the development of entrepreneurial motivation of participants in an Ecuadorian incubator | 41 interviews | Employing narrative interview methodologies, the authors found out how different modes of rootedness in distinct communities, shape entrepreneurial dispositions and shed light on the intermediation of a temporary community of practice to facilitate the development and transformation of these dispositions into individuated motivations | Opportunity-driven |