Exploring entrepreneurial intentions and motivations: a comparative analysis of opportunity-driven and necessity-driven entrepreneurs

Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship

A Systems View Across Time and Space

Table 4 Effects of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on entrepreneurial intention

	E1	E2	E3	E4	E5	E6
Entrepreneurs by necessity
Soft skills [Attitudes]	0.08	0.15	0.22	0.23	0.17	0.06
Hard skills [Attitudes]	0.41^**	0.17	0.08	− 0.06	− 0.01	0.09
Affirmations [Subjective norms]	0.54^***	0.50^***	0.52^***	0.54^***	0.47^***	0.56^***
Barriers [Perceived Behavioral Control]	− 0.21^***	− 0.16^**	− 0.12	− 0.14	− 0.09	− 0.17^*
Female	0.07^**	0.05	0.06^*	0.08^*	0.07	0.07^*
Migrant	0.02	− 0.03	− 0.09	− 0.11	− 0.17^*	− 0.19^**
Informal	0.05	0.03	0.02	− 0.01	0.01	− 0.01
n	178	159	145	142	136	141
R²	0.54	0.41	0.39	0.34	0.24	0.32
Entrepreneurs by opportunity
Soft skills [Attitudes]	0.37^**	0.16	0.11	0.04	0.11	0.16
Hard skills [Attitudes]	− 0.15	0.07	0.25	0.29^*	0.20	0.21
Affirmations [Subjective norms]	0.24^**	0.15	0.15	0.06	0.03	0.13
Barriers [Perceived Behavioral Control]	0.21	0.16	0.05	0.08	0.05	− 0.08
Female	− 0.02	− 0.05	0.01	− 0.07	− 0.07	− 0.07
Migrant	0.06	0.10^***	0.05	0.05	0.03	0.10^***
Informal	− 0.01	− 0.01	− 0.02	0.01	0.03	0.05
n	204	204	203	199	204	202
R²	0.16	0.10	0.13	0.11	0.08	0.08